SUMMARY
Radiation therapy occupies an important position in the treatment of malignant diseases in spite of the existence of radiation side effects on
normal tissues. Thus, substances are being developed which are designed to reduce both the acute and long term radiation effects on healthy tissues.
Currently a sulphur-containing compound amifostine (WR2721, ethyol) is used in clinical practice as a radioprotectant. However, it itself has
considerable side effects including hypotension (found in 62% of patients), hypocalcaemia, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting. Carbon nanospheres,
known as fullerenes, and their water soluble derivatives (e.g. C60(OH)24, dendrofullerene DF-1) exert anti-oxidative
properties and reduce damage to the DNA in irradiated cells. Water soluble fullerenes are low-toxic substances and thus, are attractive in terms of
their use as radioprotectants.
KEY WORDS
ionizing radiation; fullerenes; antioxidant; radioprotection; nanoparticles
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