SUMMARY
The experimental data reviewed herein is aimed at an evaluation of the circadian dynamics of
neutrophil phagocytosis (basal phagocytosis, phagocytic response, and adherence) in mice and rats
and attempts to establish whether the functional pinealectomy accomplished through constant light
exposure affects the level and/or circadian oscillation of the parameters. In both species, basal
phagocytic activity appears as a periodic function, peaking in the second half of the night (03:00-
04:00). Adherence to nylon fibres displays a circadian oscillation with two maxima (10:00 and
22:00). Under constant light, the mean phagocytic activity is lowered by 40%, but its circadian
amplitude increases, while the acrophase occurs earlier. Both the mean adherence level and its
circadian variation are depressed, the latter to a larger extent. The amplitude and shape of the
phagocytic response in non-immunised mice appears to depend on the time of the day when
antigenic stimulation occurs, thus on the phase of the basal rhythm, drawing attention to the
necessity for careful circadian scheduling of immunomodulatory interventions. The results suggest
that rhythmic phagocytosis is part of the immune system's circadian oscillation, controlled by
hypothalamic centres and susceptible to modulation under the impact of endogenous and
exogenous factors, including melatonin and the light-dark cycle.
KEY WORDS
phagocytosis; neutrophils; circadian rhythms; light; melatonin; hypothalamus
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