SUMMARY
Humic substances as part of humus-soil organic matter - are compounds arising from the
physical, chemical and microbiological transformation (humification) of biomolecules. They are
important because they constitute the most ubiquitous source of non-living organic material that
nature knows. Approximately 80% of the total carbon in terrestrial media and 60% of the carbon
dissolved in aquatic media are made up of humic substances. Humic substances have important
roles in soil fertility, and are considered to have primal relevance for the stabilization of soil
aggregates. They can be divided into three components according to their solubility: humic acids,
fulvic acids and humin. Humic acids are the most explored group of humic substances. Beyond
their relevance for life these substances have industrial applications in the development of
absorbents to be used at the sources of metal-poisoning. Being natural substances, their
purification process is cheaper than the synthesis of any other sorbent and, moreover, due to their
high operability, they absorb more than the absorbents used to date, such as active charcoals or
clays. The specific properties of humic acid products enable their application in industry,
agriculture, environmental and biomedicine.
KEY WORDS
humification; humin; humic acids; fulvic acids
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