SUMMARY
Changes in the blood number of peripheral lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes at different times
(basal, at 7 min, and immediately after exercise) during moderate exercise (55% VO2 max; 60 min)
performed by sedentary men were investigated. These variations were also evaluated during a recovery
period (45 min and 24 h after finishing the exercise), and were correlated with changes in catecholamines
and cortisol. The T (total CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and B (CD19+) lymphocytes showed similar behaviour
during exercise, although the changes were more marked in T cells: an increase 7 min after the start of
exercise that returned to the basal values immediately after exercise, and then a decrease (below basal) 45
min later to return again to the basal values 24 hours after the beginning of the physical activity. However,
this behaviour was not shown by monocytes (CD14+) and granulocytes (CD15+), which increased their
number from the beginning of the exercise and reached their highest values immediately after finishing it.
NK cells (CD16+) showed an intermediate behaviour between lymphocytes and phagocytic cells, with the
highest values during exercise and the lowest ones (below basal) 45 min after the end of the physical
activity. The profile in the plasma concentration of noradrenaline during the study correlated mainly with
the profiles in the number of phagocytic cells, especially of monocytes. No significant correlations were
found with adrenaline and cortisol.
It is concluded that, as previously reported for intense exercise, a bout of moderate exercise performed
by sedentary individuals provokes changes in the incidence of lymphocytes and NK cells according to the
"open window" theory. Phagocytic cells may couteract the "open window" situation, with the mechanism
involving noradrenaline.
KEY WORDS
exercise; immunology; leukocytes; stress hormones
REFERENCES
Brenner I, Shek PN, Zamecnik J, Shephard RJ:
Stress hormones and the immunological
responses to heat and exercise. Int J Sports
Med 19:130-143, 1998.
Forner MA, Barriga C, Ortega E: A study of the
role of corticosterone as a mediator in exerciseinduced
stimulation of murine macrophage
phagocytosis. J Physiol 488:789-794, 1995.
Galbo H: Hormonal and metabolic adaption to
exercise. Thieme Verlag, New York 1983.
Garcia JJ, Saez MC, De la Fuente M, Ortega E:
Regulation of phagocytic process of
macrophages by noradrenaline and its end
metabolite 4-hydroxy-3-metoxyphenyl-glycol.
Role of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors. Mol Cell
Biochem 254:299-304, 2003.
Hoffman-Goetz L, Pedersen BK: Exercise and the
immune system: a model of the stress response?
Immunol Today 15:382-387, 1994.
Khansari DN, Murgo AJ, Faith RE: Effect of
stress on the immune system. Immunol Today
11:170-175, 1990.
Larrabe RC: Leucocytosis after violent exercise.
J Med Res 7:76-82, 1902.
McCarthy DA, Dale MM: The leukocytosis of
exercise. A review and model. Sports Med 6:333-363, 1988.
Nagatomi R, Kaifu T, Okutsu M et al.:
Modulation of the immune system by the
autonomic nervous system and its implication in
immunological changes after training. Exerc
Immunol Rev 6:54-74, 2000.
Ortega E: Neuroendocrine mediators in the
modulation of phagocytosis by exercise:
physiological implications. Exerc Immunol
Rev 9:70-93, 2003.
Ortega E, Collazos ME, Maynar M, Barriga C,
De la Fuente M: Stimulation of the phagocytic
function of neutrophils in sedentary men after
acute moderate exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol
66:60-64, 1993.
Ortega E, Forner MA, Barriga C: Exerciseinduced
stimulation of murine macrophage
chemotaxis: role of corticosterone and prolactin
as mediators. J Physiol 498:729-734, 1997.
Ortega E, Marchena JM, Garcia JJ, Barriga C,
Rodriguez AB: Norepinephrine as a mediator
in the stimulation of phagocytosis induced by
moderate exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 93:714-718, 2005.
Ortega Rincon E: Physiology and Biochemistry.
Influence of exercise on phagocytosis. Int J
Sports Med 15:172-178, 1994.
Ortega Rincon E, Marchena JM, Garcia JJ et al.:
Phagocytic function in cyclists: correlation with
catecholamines and cortisol. J Appl Physiol
91:1067-1072, 2001.
Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H: How physical
exercise influences the establishment of
infections. Sports Med 19:393-400, 1995.
Pedersen BK, Ullum H: NK cell response to
physical activity: possible mechanism of action.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 26:140-146, 1994.
Pedersen BK, Rhode T, Ostrowski K: Recovery
of the immune system after exercise. Acta
Physiol Scand 162:325-332, 1998.
Rohde T, MacLean DA, Hartkopp A, Pedersen
BK: The relationship between plasma
glutamine level and cellular immune responses
in relation to triathlon race. Eur J Appl
Physiol 74:428-434, 1996.
Wigernaes I, Hostmark AT, Stromme SB,
Kierulf P, Birkeland K: Active recovery and
post-exercise white blood cell count, free acids,
and hormones in endurance athletes. Eur J
Appl Physiol 84:358-366, 2001.
|
CITED
Giraldo E, Hinchado MD, Ortega E. Combined activity of post-exercise concentrations of NA and eHsp72 on human neutrophil function: Role of cAMP. J Cell Physiol. 228: 1902-1906, 2013.
Ortega E, Giraldo E, Hinchado MD, Martinez M, Ibanez S, Cidoncha A, Collazos ME, Garcia JJ. Role of Hsp72 and norepinephrine in the moderate exercise-induced stimulation of neutrophils' microbicide capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 98: 250-255, 2006.
|
